Python flashcards, generated for you.

`==` compares values (content equality), while `is` compares object identity (memory address). Example: `[1,2] == [1,2]` is True, but `[1,2] is [1,2]` is False.

None is a singleton object representing the absence of a value. It is the default return value of functions that don't explicitly return anything. Use `is None` to check for it, not `== None`.

All three lists in `a` reference the same object. Output: `[[1], [1], [1]]`. Use list comprehension `[[] for _ in range(3)]` to create independent lists.

A mutable object (list, dict) as a default parameter is created once and reused across function calls. Example: `def f(x=[]):` modifies the same list each call. Solution: use `None` and initialize inside the function.

Prints `False` due to floating-point precision limits. 0.1 and 0.2 cannot be represented exactly in binary. Use `math.isclose()` or the `decimal` module for accurate comparisons.

LEGB: Local, Enclosing (closure), Global, Built-in. Python searches in this order. Use `global` or `nonlocal` keywords to modify variables in outer scopes.

`*args` captures variable-length positional arguments as a tuple; `**kwargs` captures keyword arguments as a dictionary. Example: `def f(*args, **kwargs):` can accept any combination of arguments.

Shallow copy (`.copy()` or slicing) duplicates the container but references the same nested objects. Deep copy (`copy.deepcopy()`) recursively copies all nested objects. Matters for nested lists/dicts.

`lst[-1:-3:-1]` starts at the last element, goes backward with step -1, and stops before index -3. For `lst=[0,1,2,3,4]`, it returns `[4, 3]`.

`range()` returns an iterable object; integers are not iterable. Iterables implement the `__iter__()` method. Use `range(n)` to loop n times, not the integer itself.