CompTIA A+ flashcards, generated for you.

Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102). Both must be passed to earn the A+ certification.

Random Access Memory is volatile storage used by the CPU to temporarily hold data and programs during execution. Faster than storage drives but loses all data when power is removed.

HDD (Hard Disk Drive) uses spinning magnetic platters and is slower and cheaper; SSD (Solid State Drive) uses flash memory, is faster, more durable, and more expensive.

Firmware that initializes hardware during bootup, performs POST (Power-On Self-Test), and loads the operating system. UEFI is the modern replacement for legacy BIOS with improved security and functionality.

A diagnostic routine run at startup that tests critical hardware components (RAM, CPU, storage, peripherals). If it fails, the system produces beep codes or error messages indicating the problem.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is connection-oriented, reliable, and ordered—used for email, web, file transfer. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is connectionless, faster, unreliable—used for streaming, VoIP, gaming.

Framework for network communication: 1-Physical, 2-Data Link, 3-Network, 4-Transport, 5-Session, 6-Presentation, 7-Application. (Mnemonic: All People Seem To Need Data Processing)

RAID 1 is disk mirroring: data is written identically to two drives simultaneously. Benefit: redundancy and fault tolerance—if one drive fails, the other continues operating without data loss.

Workgroup is a peer-to-peer network where computers are independent and each manages its own security; Domain is centralized administration with a domain controller managing authentication, policies, and user accounts across multiple computers.

System Restore reverts Windows to a previous state using saved restore points, fixing software issues without losing personal files. Access via Recovery settings, System Protection tab, or by typing 'System Restore' in the search box.