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Example Kubernetes flashcards
What is a Kubernetes Service and why is it needed?
A Service is an abstraction that exposes Pods as a network endpoint with a stable IP and DNS name. It's needed because Pods are ephemeral and their IPs change; Services provide reliable access to a group of Pods.
Name the four types of Kubernetes Services.
ClusterIP (internal-only, default), NodePort (exposes on node IP:port), LoadBalancer (cloud provider integration), and ExternalName (CNAME to external service).
What command lists all Services in the default namespace?
kubectl get services or kubectl get svc
What command exposes a Deployment as a Service on port 8080?
kubectl expose deployment <name> --type=ClusterIP --port=8080 --target-port=8080
What does 'port', 'targetPort', and 'nodePort' mean in a Service spec?
port: Service's internal port; targetPort: Pod's port the traffic routes to; nodePort: external port on the node (NodePort type only, 30000-32767).
What command creates a temporary port-forward from local machine to a Pod?
kubectl port-forward pod/<pod-name> <local-port>:<pod-port> (useful for debugging without exposing a Service).
What is a Selector in a Kubernetes Service and how does it work?
A Selector is a label matcher (e.g., app: myapp) in the Service spec that determines which Pods receive traffic. The control plane maintains Endpoints that list matching Pod IPs.
What command shows the Endpoints (backend Pods) for a Service?
kubectl get endpoints <service-name> or kubectl describe service <service-name> to see Endpoints section.
What is a Headless Service and when would you use it?
A Service with clusterIP: None that doesn't allocate a cluster IP. DNS returns Pod IPs directly. Used for StatefulSets, direct Pod-to-Pod communication, or when you need to discover all Pods individually.
What command debugs connectivity to a Service from inside the cluster?
kubectl run -it --rm debug --image=busybox --restart=Never -- sh, then use wget/curl to test Service DNS (e.g., curl <service-name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local:<port>).
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