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Example Terraform flashcards
What does 'terraform init' do?
Initializes a Terraform working directory by downloading provider plugins, creating .terraform/ folder, and setting up backend configuration.
What is the difference between 'terraform plan' and 'terraform apply'?
'terraform plan' shows a preview of changes without applying them; 'terraform apply' executes the plan and modifies infrastructure.
What file should you gitignore in a Terraform project?
*.tfstate, *.tfstate.*, .terraform/, terraform.tfvars, and .terraform.lock.hcl (unless versioning lock file is desired).
What is a Terraform state file and why is it critical?
A .tfstate file that maps your configuration to real-world resources. It enables Terraform to track what exists and calculate diffs. Never lose it; use remote backends for safety.
Name three common Terraform backends and when you'd use each.
Local (development only), S3 (AWS team projects with state locking), Terraform Cloud (managed, enterprise multi-user access with runs & policy).
What is a Terraform data source and how does it differ from a resource?
A data source reads existing infrastructure without creating it; resources create/manage infrastructure. Example: aws_ami data source vs. aws_instance resource.
What does 'terraform import' do and when would you use it?
Maps existing infrastructure to Terraform state without creating it. Use when adopting Terraform for legacy resources or resources created outside Terraform.
How do you handle sensitive values (passwords, API keys) in Terraform?
Use 'sensitive = true' on outputs, store secrets in .tfvars files or environment variables, use Terraform Cloud/Vault for encrypted storage, never commit secrets to git.
What is a Terraform module and what are its key benefits?
A reusable package of Terraform configs organized in a folder with inputs (variables) and outputs. Benefits: DRY code, consistency, encapsulation, easier maintenance.
What is 'terraform workspace' and what is a real-world use case?
Separate state instances within one backend (e.g., dev, staging, prod). Use case: manage multiple environments from one codebase with isolated state; switch via 'terraform workspace select ENV'.
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